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Daniel 09:20-27 The Vision of the Seventy Weeks – powerpoint
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Daniel-09-20-27-The-Vision-of-the-Seventy-Weeks.PDF
Daniel-09-20-27-The-Vision-of-the-Seventy-Weeks.PPTX
Text: Daniel 9:20-27
Introduction
1. We come now to one of the most difficult passages of the Old Testament…
2. With such a difficult passage before us, we should …
a. Approach it with humility, and not dogmatically
b. Not draw conclusions that would contradict clear teachings of Scripture
Body
I. THE ARRIVAL OF GABRIEL
A. AT THE TIME OF EVENING OFFERING…
1. Even as Daniel was confessing his sin and the sin of his people, and making supplication for the holy mountain of God (i.e., Jerusalem) – Daniel 9:20-21
2. This was the same person seen in the vision at the beginning – cf. Daniel 8:16
B. TO GIVE DANIEL SKILL TO UNDERSTAND…
1. Commanded to do so even at the beginning of Daniel’s prayer – Daniel 9:22-23
2. For Daniel was “greatly beloved” – cf. Daniel 10:11,19
II. THE VISION OF THE SEVENTY WEEKS
A. A GENERAL STATEMENT OF WHAT IS TO OCCUR…
1. 70 “weeks” are determined for Daniel’s people (Israel) and his holy city (Jerusalem) – Daniel 9:24
a. The word “weeks” in Hebrew is actually “sevens” (i.e., 70 “sevens”)
b. Most agree it likely refers to “weeks”, but weeks of what?
1) Weeks of days?
a) Then it would be 490 days
b) Few believe this to be the case, and so most all figuratize this passage to some extent
2) Weeks of years (i.e., each day representing a year)?
a) Then it would be 490 years
b) But the Jews used a lunar calendar (360 days/yr), so it would be 483 years according to our calendar)
c) Many suggest this to be the answer, but it is not without difficulty
3) Of some nonspecific period of time?
a) Then it may just refer to seventy complete periods of time
b) And each week may not be equivalent in time (i.e., one “week” may be longer than other “weeks”)
2. This period of time will be for the fulfillment of six things, each apparently related to the work of the coming Messiah (i.e., Jesus):
a. To finish the transgression
1) The marginal reading has “restrain” for “finish”
2) The idea is that Messiah would provide a restraining power and influence which would check the progress of sin – Acts 3:25-26
b. To make an end of sins
1) The marginal reading has “to seal up” for “make an end”
2) The idea is that sins will be sealed up, or closed, or hidden, so that they will not be seen, or will not develop themselves – Acts 3:19
c. To make reconciliation for iniquity
1) Literally, to cover iniquity
2) How this would be done is not stated here, but Isaiah 53:5-6,10-12
d. Note: The first three things relate to our Lord’s work of dealing with the problem of sin, how sin would restrained, sealed up, and covered over
e. To bring in everlasting righteousness
1) Literally, to cause to come
2) To provide a way by which a man could become righteous and holy – cf. Romans 3:21-26; 2 Corinthians 5:21
f. To seal up the vision and the prophecy
1) To complete, to finish, meaning the prophecies would be fulfilled (Barnes)
2) Others suggest that it is referring to OT prophecies, especially those related to the work of the Messiah making an end of sin – cf. Lk 24:44-47
g. To anoint the Most Holy
1) Barnes opines that the Most Holy refers to the temple in Jerusalem
2) And that the anointing of the temple refers to the presence of the Messiah in the temple – cf. Malachi 3:1-2; Matthew 12:6
3) Especially regarding the presence of the Lord in the temple during His final week – cf. Matthew 21:1-16
4) Some believe it may refer to the baptism of Jesus when the Spirit came upon Him in the form of a dove – Matthew 3:16-17
B. A SPECIFIC DESCRIPTION OF HOW THIS WOULD OCCUR…
1. There shall be 7 weeks and 62 weeks – Daniel 9:25
a. Beginning with the command to restore and build Jerusalem, until Messiah the prince (the street and the wall shall be built, even in troublesome times)
b. At least three possible decrees may serve as the “terminus pro quo” (starting point) of the 70 “weeks”
1) The decree of Cyrus (539-538 BC) – cf. Ezra 1:1-4
a) To rebuild the temple (and the city, cf. Isaiah 44:26-28; 45:13)
b) If one starts here, then the 70 weeks could not be 490 literal years, for that would place the end of the 70 weeks around 55 B.C. (much too early)
c) The appeal of using this decree as the starting point:
1] It is the most well-known decree regarding the restoration of Israel
2] It was given about the time Daniel received his vision of the 70 weeks
3] This decree is preferred by many who do not hold to a literal 490 years
2) The decree of Artaxerxes (457 BC) – cf. Ezra 7:13-14
a) For Ezra to restore the Law and its worship
b) Starting here, 490 Julian years would end the 70 weeks around 33 A.D.
c) But 490 lunar years end the 70 weeks around 26 A.D. (seven years too early)
d) This decree is preferred by some amillenialists who hold to a literal 490 years, but not lunar years (Haley’s Bible Handbook)
3) The second decree of Artaxerxes (445-444 BC) – cf. Nehemiah 2:1-8
a) For Nehemiah to build the city
b) Starting here, 490 lunar years end the 70 weeks around 38 A.D.
c) This would place the start of the 70th week near the beginning of Jesus’ public ministry (ca. about 30 A.D.)
d) There are problems with the first 7 weeks ending around 396 B.C., which some contend is too late for the restoration of the city
e) Premillenialists prefer to start with this decree, but so do some amillenialists such as Albert Barnes
c. Each starting date has its problems, but I lean towards Barnes’ choice of the decree of Artaxerxes in 445 B.C. as the terminus a quo for this prophecy
1) The 7 and 62 “weeks” is the period of time from the decree until “Messiah the Prince”
2) Barnes has this period ending with the baptism of Jesus and the beginning of His public ministry
2. After the 62 weeks, events will occur – Daniel 9:26-27
a. Messiah will be cut off, but not for Himself
1) This refers to the death of Christ
2) Whose death occurs midway during the 70th week (see below)
b. People of the prince who is to come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary
1) The end of it shall be with a flood; until the end of the war, desolations are determined
a) The people are generally accepted to be the Romans, who destroyed Jerusalem in A.D. 70
b) The “prince” is thought to be either Titus, the Roman general, or perhaps referring to Jesus Himself (with the Roman army as the instrument of God’s judgment upon Jerusalem)
2) Many contend that the destruction must fall within the 70th week
a) However, Young and Barnes argue that such is not necessarily required
b) The desolation to befall Jerusalem may be the consequence of events during the 70th week, and not fall within the period of the 70th week
c. For 1 week, he shall confirm a covenant with many
1) “He” refers to Jesus (Barnes)
2) “Confirm a covenant” describes the work done by Jesus and His apostles in Israel, before and immediately after His death (Barnes)
a) His earthly ministry lasted about 3 and half years
b) The gospel was preached only to Jews for 3-4 years after Pentecost
d. In the middle of the week he shall bring an end to sacrifice and offering
1) This refers to Jesus who was cut off, but not for Himself
2) Through His death, He brought the need for sacrifices to an end – Hebrews 10:12-18
e. The abomination and desolation to come – Daniel 9:27
1) Alluding to the destruction of Jerusalem in A.D. 70
2) Jesus referred to this in Matthew 24:15
3) Again, this desolation may be the consequence of what occurred in the 70th week, even though it occurred after the 70th week
4) But if required to occur during the 70th week, then the 70th week must extend beyond A.D. 70
Conclusion
1. Such a brief look at this difficult passage will naturally raise many questions, which is beyond the scope of our study
2. While the passage is admittedly difficult, let’s not lose sight of the wonderful promises concerning the Messiah’s work related to sin and righteousness, and that Jesus through His death has truly brought an end to the consequences of sin and thereby introduced everlasting righteousness!
Content by Donald W. Treadway
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Daniel 08:01-27 The Vision of the Ram and the Goat
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Text: Daniel 8:1-27
Introduction
1. In previous chapters we have seen visions describing four kingdoms…
a. The vision of Nebuchadnezzar – Daniel 2
b. The vision of Daniel – Daniel 7
c. These kingdoms were the Babylonian, the Medo-Persian, the Greek, the Roman
2. In Daniel 8, Daniel relates another vision…
a. Commonly called “The Vision of the Ram and the Goat”
b. In which two kingdoms are described
[The two kingdoms as the same as two of the four kingdoms in earlier visions. But just as the vision in Daniel 7 related more information about the fourth kingdom, so now the vision in Daniel 8 provides some information about the second and third kingdoms…]
Body
I. THE VISION DESCRIBED (Daniel 8:1-14)
A. DATE OF THE VISION…
1. Received by Daniel in the third year of Belshazzar king of Babylon – Daniel 8:1
2. This would be about 552 B.C., two years later than the vision in Daniel 7
B. DETAILS OF THE VISION…
1. In the vision, Daniel saw himself in Shushan (Susa) – Daniel 8:2
a. In the province of Elam (western Persia, modern day Iran)
b. The winter capital of the Persian kings
c. He was by the river Ulai
2. He saw a two-horned ram – Daniel 8:3-4
a. Standing beside the river
b. The horns were high, with one higher than the other which came up last
c. The ram was pushing westward, northward, and southward
1) No beast could withstand him
2) None could deliver from his hand
3) He did according to his will and became great
3. He saw a one-horned male goat – Daniel 8:5
a. Coming suddenly from the west
b. Across the surface of the whole earth, not touching the ground
c. With a notable horn between his eyes
4. He saw the goat defeat the ram – Daniel 8:6-7
a. With furious power the goat attacked the ram and broke his two horns
b. The ram was unable to withstand the goat, and was trampled
5. The goat become great, but when he became strong… – Daniel 8:8
a. The large horn was broken
b. In its place four notable ones came up toward the four winds of heaven
6. He saw a little horn come out of the four with great power – Daniel 8:9-12
a. Which grew exceedingly great
1) Toward the south and east
2) Toward the Glorious Land
b. Which grew up to the host of heaven
1) Casting down and trampling to the ground some of the host
2) Exalting himself as high as the Prince of host
c. By this powerful horn…
1) The daily sacrifices were taken away
2) The place of His (God’s) sanctuary was cast down
3) An army was given him to oppose the daily sacrifices (because of transgression)
d. He did all this and prospered
7. Daniel then heard a conversation between two holy ones – Daniel 8:13-14
a. One asking: “How long will the vision be, concerning…”
1) “the daily sacrifices and the transgression of desolation”
2) “the giving of both the sanctuary and the host to be trampled under foot?”
b. The reply given to Daniel:
1) “For two thousand three hundred days”
2) “Then the sanctuary shall be cleansed”
c. With the details before us, we are now ready to consider the explanation provided Daniel
II. THE VISION INTERPRETED
A. GABRIEL ASSIGNED TO EXPLAIN THE VISION…
1. Daniel was seeking to understand the meaning – Daniel 8:15-16
a. When there stood before him one having the appearance of a man
b. When a man’s voice from the banks of the Ulai charged Gabriel to make Daniel understand the vision
2. Gabriel speaks to Daniel – Daniel 8:17-19
a. He approaches Daniel
1) Prompting Daniel to fall on his face in fear
2) Telling him that “the vision refers to the time of the end”
b. He stands Daniel on his feet
1) For Daniel had fallen into a deep sleep with his face to the ground
2) To tell him “what shall happen in the latter time of the indignation; for at the appointed time the end shall be”
B. GABRIEL EXPLAINS THE VISION…
1. The two-horned ram – Daniel 8:20
a. Depicts the kings of Media and Persia
b. The larger horn may represent Persia’s greater influence – cf. Daniel 8:3
c. The expansion of the Medo-Persian Empire illustrated by the ram pushing westward, northward, and southward – cf. Daniel 8:4
2. The one-horned male goat – Daniel 8:21
a. Depicts the kingdom of Greece; note that it came from the west – cf. Daniel 8:5
b. The large horn representing it’s first king (Alexander the Great)
c. The speed of the goat aptly reflects Alexander’s conquests – cf. Daniel 8:5
d. Alexander defeated the Persians in three decisive battles – cf. Daniel 8:6-7
1) At Granicus (334 B.C.)
2) At Issus (333 B.C.)
3) At Gaugamela (331 B.C.)
3. The broken horn and four horns that arose in its place – Daniel 8:22
a. Alexander died at 33 years of age
b. His empire was divided between his four generals – cf. Daniel 8:8
1) Ptolemy (Egypt)
2) Seleucus I (Syria)
3) Cassander (Macedonia and Greece)
4) Lysimachus (Thrace and Asia Minor)
4. The little horn that became exceedingly great – Daniel 8:23-25
a. Some time later a king shall arise
1) When transgressors have reached their fullness (when Israel has fallen back into sin)
2) With mighty power, but not by his own
3) Who shall destroy fearfully, prosper and thrive
4) Who shall destroy the mighty and also the holy people
5) Through cunning he shall cause deceit to prosper
6) He shall magnify himself, and destroy many in their prosperity
7) He shall even rise against the Prince of princes (God Himself)
8) But he shall be broken without human hand (God shall destroy him)
b. This is Antiochus Epiphanies, ruler of Syria (175-163 B.C. )
1) Who imposed Greek culture and deities upon his subjects
2) Who when he conquered Jerusalem:
a) Set up an image in the temple
b) Offered swine flesh upon the altar
c) Encouraged Greek soldiers to commit fornication in the temple
d) Forbade circumcision, keeping the Sabbath, possessing a copy of the Scriptures
5. The vision of the evenings and mornings – Daniel 8:26
a. The number of days the sacrifices will cease, and the temple desolated
b. Maybe a literal period (a little over six years) corresponding to the actual period of time the abomination by Antiochus Epiphanes occurred (171-165 B.C.)
c. Daniel instructed to seal up the vision
1) For it was to occur “many days in the future”
2) I.e., almost four hundred years later
C. EFFECT ON DANIEL…
1. He fainted and was sick for days – Daniel 8:27
2. Though he afterward arose and went about the king’s business, he was astonished by the vision (but no one understood it) – Daniel 8:27
Conclusion
1. This vision is probably the easiest to understand of the four visions that Daniel saw…
a. The identity of the ram and goat are clearly given
b. History confirms what is described in this vision
1) The conflict between Medo-Persia and Greece
2) The division of the Grecian empire following Alexander’s death
3) The rise of Antiochus Epiphanies and his desecration of the temple in Jerusalem
2. The purpose of the vision was to prepare the people of Daniel for what was to come…
a. In “the time of the end”
b. In “the latter time of the indignation”
3. The persecution that would come upon Israel toward the end of the OT period (Young)
4. The remarkable accuracy of this vision has led some to date the book of Daniel after the events of Antiochus Epiphanies. But its accuracy poses no problem for those who accept the inspiration of the Scriptures, and should remind us of God’s power to fulfill His Word:
“Remember the former things of old, for I am God, and there is no other; I am God, and there is none like Me, “Declaring the end from the beginning, and from ancient times things that are not yet done, Saying, ‘My counsel shall stand, And I will do all My pleasure,’ “Calling a bird of prey from the east, the man who executes My counsel, from a far country. Indeed I have spoken it; I will also bring it to pass. I have purposed it; I will also do it.” – Isaiah 46:9-11
Content by Donald W. Treadway
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Daniel 07:01-28 The Vision of the Four Beasts
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Text: Daniel 7:1-28
Introduction
1. The book of Daniel naturally divides itself into two parts…
a. In our introductory lesson, we described these parts as:
1) God’s providence in history – Daniel 1:1-6:28
2) God’s purpose in history – Daniel 7:1-12:13
b. Others describe these two parts as:
1) The personal history of Daniel – Daniel 1:1-6:28
2) The prophetical history of Daniel – Daniel 7:1-12:13
2. The second half of the book contains four visions seen by Daniel…
a. The vision of the four beasts – Daniel 7:1-28
b. The vision of the ram and the goat – Daniel 8:1-27
c. The vision of the seventy weeks – Daniel 9:1-27
d. The vision of the time of the end – Daniel 10:1-12:13
3. In which God reveals to Daniel many things about His purpose and plan in history, regarding the nation of Israel and the everlasting kingdom to come
Body
I. THE VISION DESCRIBED (Daniel 7:1-14)
A. DATE OF THE VISION…
1. Received by Daniel in the first year of Belshazzar king of Babylon – Daniel 7:1
2. This would be about 550 B.C., when Belshazzar became co-regent with his father Nabonidus
B. DETAILS OF THE VISION…
1. Part One: The four beasts from the sea – Daniel 7:2-8
a. The four winds of heaven stirring up the Great Sea (Mediterranean)
1) The “sea” may symbolize the mass of humanity – cf. Isaiah 17:12; Revelation 17:15
2) The “four winds of heaven” may be forces God uses to control and even destroy – cf. Jeremiah 49:36; 51:1 (Harkrider)
b. Four great beasts coming up out of the sea
1) The lion with eagle’s wings
a) Whose wings were plucked off
b) Made to stand on two feet like a man
c) A man’s heart given to it
d) The lion represents Babylon; the wings possibly symbolizing the co-regency of Nabonidus and Belshazzar, a kingdom shown to be remarkably fragile – Daniel 5:1-31
2) The bear with ribs in its mouth
a) Raised up on one side
b) Three ribs in its mouth between its teeth
c) Told to “Arise, devour much flesh!”
d) The bear represents the Medo-Persian empire; that it raises on one side reflect the Persian dominance, the three ribs in its mouth may illustrate its victories over Egypt, Syria, and Babylon
3) The winged, multi-headed leopard
a) With four wings and four heads
b) To whom dominion was given
c) The leopard represents the Greek empire of Alexander the Great; the wings symbolize its rapid conquest, the four heads prophetic of its division by four generals after Alexander’s death
4) The dreadful and terrible beast
a) Exceedingly strong, with huge teeth
b) Devouring, breaking in pieces, trampling residue with its feet
c) Different from all the beasts before it
1/ Unlike the other three, it is not compared with any animal
2/ But if it is the beast of Revelation, note that it was a conglomeration of a lion, bear and leopard – Revelation 13:1-2
d) With ten horns; another little horn coming up among them…
1/ Before whom three of the first horns were plucked from their roots
2/ In which were the eyes of a man, and a mouth speaking pompously
e) This beast represents the Roman empire; the ten horns and little horn represents emperors or kings who ruled during events involving the establishment of God’s kingdom (see below) – cf. Daniel 2:44
2. Part Two: An awesome judgment – Daniel 7:9-12
a. Thrones were put in place, and the Ancient of Days was seated
1) His garment was white as snow, His hair like pure wool
2) His throne a fiery flame, its wheels a burning fire, a fiery stream issued from before Him
3) A million ministered to Him, a hundred million stood before Him
4) The court (judgment) was seated, and books were opened
b. The judgment of the four beasts
1) The great and terrible beast
a) The one with the sound of pompous words from the little horn was slain, its body destroyed, and given to the burning flame
2) The rests of the beasts
a) They had their dominion taken away
b) Their lives were prolonged for a season and a time
3. Part Three: The coronation of the Son of Man – Daniel 7:13-14
a. Daniel sees one like the Son of Man
1) Coming with the clouds of heaven
2) Brought near to the Ancient of Days
b. To Him was given dominion, glory, and a kingdom
1) That all peoples, nations, and languages should serve Him
2) His dominion is an everlasting dominion
3) His kingdom the one which shall not be destroyed – cf. Daniel 2:44
[The parallels between this vision and Nebuchadnezzar’s dream (Daniel2) should be carefully noted. Both involve the rise and fall of four kingdoms, and a kingdom which would never be destroyed. In Daniel’s three-part vision, the conflict to come between the fourth kingdom and the establishment of the everlasting kingdom is foretold as we see…]
II. THE VISION INTERPRETED
A. EFFECT ON DANIEL…
1. Grieved in his spirit – Daniel 7:15
2. Troubled by the visions he saw
B. EXPLANATION TO DANIEL…
1. An overall summary of the vision – Daniel 7:16-18
a. Provided by one of those who stood by (an angel?)
b. The four beasts represent four kings (kingdoms, cf. Daniel 7:23)
c. Yet the saints of the Most High shall receive and possess the everlasting kingdom
2. Daniel’s desire to know more – Daniel 7:19-20
a. About the fourth beast, exceedingly dreadful
b. About the ten horns on it head
c. About the little horn
1) Before which three horns fell
2) Which had eyes and a mouth speaking pompous words
3) Whose appearance was greater than his fellows
3. What Daniel then saw – Daniel 7:21-22
a. The little horn making war against the saints, prevailing against them
b. Until the Ancient of Days came
1) With judgment in favor of the saints of the Most High
2) And it was time for the saints to possess the kingdom
4. What Daniel then heard – Daniel 7:23-27
a. Concerning the fourth beast
1) It shall be a fourth kingdom on the earth
2) It shall devour the whole earth, trample it, and break it in pieces
3) The Roman empire, which came to rule the Mediterranean world
b. Concerning the ten horns
1) They are ten kings to arise from this fourth kingdom
2) After whom another shall arise
— These may be emperors who ruled during the first century A.D. when the everlasting kingdom (i.e., the church) was being established, or the ten kings alluded to in Revelation 17:12-13; then again, the number ten may only be symbolic, reflecting their complete or full number, and not ten specific kings
c. Concerning the little horn
1) He shall be different from the first kings
2) He shall subdue three kings
3) He shall speak pompous words against the Most High
4) He shall persecute the saints of the Most High
5) He shall intend to change times and law
6) Into whose hands the saints shall be given for a time, times and half a time
1/ Perhaps 3 1/2 years (1 year, 2 years, 1/2 year), 42 months – cf. Revelation 13:5; also 11:2,3
2/ A broken, short period of time involving persecution
— This is likely the persecuting emperor of Rome (e.g., Domitian), described as the beast from the sea in Revelation – cf. Revelation 13:1-2,5-7
d. Concerning the judgment
1) The dominion of the little horn shall be taken away, consumed and destroyed
2) Then the kingdom (of heaven?), and the dominion and greatness of the kingdoms under heaven shall be given to the saints of the Most High
3) This kingdom will be an everlasting kingdom, and dominions shall serve Him
— As depicted in Revelation, the conflict between the Roman empire and the church would end with the ultimate victory of the people of God (who even though martyred, would reign with Christ) – cf. Revelation 17:14; 19:19-20; 20:4
C. EPILOGUE BY DANIEL…
1. His thoughts greatly troubled him, and his countenance changed – Daniel 7:28
2. But he kept the matter in his heart – Daniel 7:28
a. A good course of action whenever we are unsure about the meaning of a particular Scripture, especially that which is prophetic
b. As we continue to read and study, what we learn later may help enlighten the unclear Scripture we have kept in our heart
Conclusion
1. “The Vision Of The Four Beasts” is certainly interesting and challenging…
a. It expands upon the vision seen by Nebuchadnezzar in Daniel 2
b. It introduces the conflict described in the vision seen by John in Re 13-20
2. I understand these visions to depict the establishment of “the everlasting kingdom”…
a. To occur during the days of the Roman empire – Daniel 2:44; Luke 1:30-33; Mark 1:14-15
b. Which began when Jesus ascended to heaven – Daniel 7:13-14; Acts 1:9; 2:36; Ephesians 1:20-23; 1 Peter 3:22; Revelation 1:5,9
c. Which experienced great persecution at the outset – Daniel 7:25; Revelation 1:9; 2:10; 17:14
3. But the saints who persevered in those days, even to the point of death, continue to reign with Christ in heaven (i.e., they “possess the kingdom”) – Daniel 7:18; 2 Timothy 4:17-18; Revelation 20:4
4. The ultimate victory of the church over the Roman empire came to pass as foretold to both Daniel and John. May this fulfillment encourage us to remain faithful until the time when Jesus returns to “deliver the kingdom to God the Father”! – cf. 1 Corinthians 15:23-26
Content by Donald W. Treadway
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